1) Democratic societies are run and governed by A. laws. B. monarchs. C.
passion. D. charisma.

Correct Option: A

Explanation: Democratic societies
are built on the principle of rule of law, where established laws and regulations govern the actions of both citizens and the government, ensuring fairness, order, and justice.

2) To guarantee the rights and freedom of citizens, the powers of the organs of
government must be A. rotated. B. separated. C. fused. D. incorporated.
Correct Option: B

Explanation: The separation of powers, typically into legislative, executive, and judicial branches, is crucial in a democracy to
prevent the concentration of power in any one branch, thus safeguarding citizens’ rights and freedoms through checks and balances.

3) Which of the following is an example of an inalienable right? A. Right to
life B. Right to vote C. Right to social security D. Right to adequate wages
Correct Option: A

Explanation: Inalienable rights are fundamental rights inherent to every individual, which cannot be taken away or transferred. The
right to life is universally recognized as a primary inalienable right.

4) Citizenship can be acquired through A. nationalization. B. registration. C.
negotiation. D. decree. Correct Option: A Explanation: Nationalization is a
process by which a person becomes a citizen of a country through legal
means, often after meeting specific residency and other requirements,
distinct from birthright citizenship.

5) Which of the following rights cannot be enjoyed by an Italian citizen that
is residing in a West African country? A. Freedom of expression B. Ownership
of properties C. Right to worship D. Right to vote Correct Option: D
Explanation: The right to vote is typically reserved for citizens of a
particular country. While an Italian citizen residing in a West African
country may enjoy other human rights and certain civic rights, they
generally would not have the right to vote in that country’s elections
unless they acquire citizenship.

6) One of the outstanding features of citizenship by birth is that A. it can be
withdrawn. B. it can never be forfeited. C. special requirements are
attached. D. it can be reverted to alien status. Correct Option: B
Explanation: Citizenship by birth (jus soli or jus sanguinis) is generally
considered a permanent status that cannot be easily forfeited or withdrawn
under normal circumstances, providing a stable national identity.

7) In order to reduce over-reliance on foreign grants, civil society
organizations need to A. create revenue generation activities. B. become
more national in their spread and membership. C. engage in more pragmatic
methods like lobbying. D. engage the state for funding. Correct Option: A
Explanation: To achieve financial independence and reduce reliance on
foreign grants, civil society organizations should develop their own
revenue-generating activities, fostering self-sustainability.

8) The major constraint to national development is A. improper assessment of
policies. B. overdependence on natural resources. C. high level of nepotism.
D. absence or modern technology. Correct Option: B Explanation:
Overdependence on a single sector, such as natural resources, can hinder
diversified national development by making the economy vulnerable to market
fluctuations and neglecting other potential growth areas.

9) The conduct of an election in a democracy is the responsibility of A.
electoral commission. B. security agencies. C. election stakeholders. D.
civil society. Correct Option: A Explanation: In a democracy, an independent
electoral commission is the primary body responsible for organizing,
conducting, and overseeing elections to ensure they are free, fair, and
credible.

10) Accepting other people’s opinions and preferences, even when they live in a
way one does not agree with defines A. honesty. B. tolerance. C.
cooperation. D. courage. Correct Option: B Explanation: Tolerance is the
ability or willingness to accept the existence of opinions or behaviour that
one dislikes or disagrees with, which is a cornerstone of peaceful
coexistence in a diverse society.

11) Civil society organizations fight poverty by A. checking the emergence of
dictatorship. B. strengthening good governance. C. providing arena for the
expression of diverse interest. D. supporting the ruling political party.
Correct Option: B Explanation: Civil society organizations often contribute
to fighting poverty by advocating for policies that promote good governance,
transparency, and accountability, which are essential for equitable resource
distribution and economic development.

12) The constitution is important because it A. allows government institutions
to act anyhow. B. enables a particular ethnic group to control the
government. C. is applicable to the president only. D. regulates all
citizens. Correct Option: D Explanation: A constitution is the supreme law
of a country, establishing the framework for government and delineating the
rights and duties of all citizens, thereby regulating the conduct of
everyone within its jurisdiction.

13) Which of the following does a civil society advocate for? A. Subjective
criticism of government policies and programmes. B. Emergence of
dictatorship and political extremism. C. Violent demonstrations to express
views or positions. D. Objectivity and respect for opposing views. Correct
Option: D Explanation: Civil society organizations typically advocate for
democratic values, including objectivity, respect for diverse opinions, and
constructive engagement, rather than subjective criticism or extremism.

14) A responsible citizen can show loyalty and devotion to his country by A.
involving in jungle justice. B. reporting any act of sabotage. C.
prosecuting criminals. D. arresting criminals. Correct Option: B
Explanation: Reporting acts of sabotage demonstrates loyalty and devotion to
one’s country by helping to protect its interests and security from harmful
activities.

15) Violations of traffic codes are often dealt with by A. loss of driving
privileges. B. criminal court. C. payment of damages. D. forfeiting a fine.
Correct Option: D Explanation: Minor violations of traffic codes are
typically handled through the imposition of fines, which serve as a penalty
for breaking traffic laws.

16) Civil society is regarded as an important organ of the society because it A.
involves the operation of government. B. takes position on important policy
questions. C. represents the interests of powerful groups. D. improves the
generality of citizens’ wellbeing. Correct Option: D Explanation: Civil
society plays a crucial role in improving the overall well-being of citizens
by advocating for their rights, providing services, and holding governments
accountable, thereby contributing to societal development.

17) Building national values and ethical cultures can be hindered by A.
celebrating right people by media or society. B. punishing influential
individuals for misdeeds. C. poor citizenship or followership. D.
strengthening societal worth or morals. Correct Option: C Explanation: Poor
citizenship, characterized by a lack of civic responsibility and engagement,
along with a lack of followership for ethical principles, can significantly
hinder the development of strong national values and ethical cultures.

18) Establishment, maintenance, and regulation of slaughterhouses and slabs is
the statutory role of A. federal government. B. state government. C.
regional government. D. local government. Correct Option: D Explanation: The
establishment, maintenance, and regulation of local services like
slaughterhouses and markets typically fall under the jurisdiction of local
government authorities.

19) Public servants are directly responsible for the poor quality of service
delivery due to A. poor working mindsets. B. misallocation of resources. C.
poor condition of service. D. overbearing external influence. Correct
Option: C Explanation: Poor conditions of service for public servants, such
as inadequate training, lack of motivation, or insufficient resources, can
directly lead to a decline in the quality of public service delivery.

20) Which of the following defines a legal member of a state? A. Follower B.
Alien C. Citizen D. Leader Correct Option: C Explanation: A citizen is a
legal member of a state or country, enjoying certain rights and undertaking
specific responsibilities under its laws.

21) Constant appreciation of children by parents A. makes children arrogant. B.
promotes withdrawal syndrome in children. C. makes children secretive and
selfless. D. builds strong and confident children. Correct Option: D
Explanation: Consistent appreciation and positive reinforcement from parents
contribute significantly to building a child’s self-esteem, confidence, and
overall emotional strength.

22) An individual who abuses drugs will experience the following except A.
healthy immune system. B. withdrawal. C. depression. D. traces of insanity.
Correct Option: A Explanation: Drug abuse typically weakens the immune
system, making an individual more susceptible to illnesses, rather than
leading to a healthy immune system.

23) The right to rule based on the recognition of personal qualities is known as
A. traditional authority. B. charismatic authority. C. legal authority. D.
rational authority. Correct Option: B Explanation: Charismatic authority is
a concept where the right to rule or lead is derived from the exceptional
personal qualities, charm, and influence of an individual, inspiring
devotion and obedience from followers.

24) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was proclaimed by the
United Nations’ A. Security Council. B. General Assembly. C. International
Court of Justice. D. Economic and Social Court. Correct Option: B
Explanation: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) was proclaimed
by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December 1948.

25) Dependency on foreign donors by civil society organizations primarily A.
promotes a long-term strategy of chasing funds. B. distracts the
organizations from their missions. C. promotes sustainability. D. increase
scope of activities. Correct Option: B Explanation: Excessive dependency on
foreign donors can sometimes lead civil society organizations to align their
activities with donor priorities rather than their original missions,
potentially distracting them from local needs and long-term goals.

26) The right to work in any part of the country can be regarded as A. natural
rights. B. civic rights. C. economic rights. D. social rights. Correct
Option: C Explanation: The right to work, including the freedom to seek and
engage in employment anywhere within one’s country, is considered an
economic right, essential for individual livelihood and national
development.

27) Political participation can be limited by A. wealth. B. gender. C. age. D.
religion. Correct Option: A Explanation: Wealth can limit political
participation by creating financial barriers to running for office,
participating in campaigns, or accessing political information, thus
disadvantaging less affluent citizens.

28) One of the roles of the police as an important pillar of democracy is A.
subjecting citizens to the wishes of leaders. B. guarding and protecting
sensitive election materials. C. suppressing opposition to the government.
D. helping the incumbent government to continue in office. Correct Option: B
Explanation: In a democracy, a key role of the police is to maintain law and
order, which includes ensuring the security of election materials and
processes to safeguard the integrity of the democratic process.

29) Which of the following institutions was set up to address the unfair
treatments of citizens by public servants? A. Independent Corrupt Practices
Commission B. Economic and Financial Crimes Commission C. Public Complaint
Commission/Ombudsman D. International Labour Organization Correct Option: C
Explanation: A Public Complaint Commission or Ombudsman is an independent
body established to investigate complaints from citizens against government
agencies or public servants regarding maladministration or unfair treatment.

30) Some Civil Society Organizations do not get the needed attention from the
government because of A. awareness of their activities. B. confrontation in
some sensitive issues. C. overbearing external influence. D. open nature of
the organization. Correct Option: B Explanation: Civil Society Organizations
that confront the government on sensitive issues may face resistance and
receive less attention from the government, which can be perceived as
critical or adversarial.

31) The reason the seven core freedoms of the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights (UDHR) are so important is because A. they concern individuals
directly and influence their peaceful existence as human beings. B. the
violation of one right often leads to violation of another right. C. they
embody key values and rights of human beings. D. they enable individuals to
speak up and challenge poor treatment from a public authority. Correct
Option: A Explanation: The core freedoms of the UDHR are fundamental because
they directly relate to the dignity, well-being, and peaceful coexistence of
individuals, providing a universal standard for human treatment.

32) The role of individuals in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
includes A. incorporation of UDHR into the national constitution. B.
enacting laws that promote the objectives of UDHR. C. tolerance of other
people’s views, opinions, beliefs etc. D. carrying out advocacy programmes
through the mass media. Correct Option: C Explanation: While states are
responsible for incorporating and enacting UDHR principles, individuals
contribute by practicing tolerance and respecting the diverse views,
opinions, and beliefs of others, fostering a human rights culture.

33) Bureaucracy in public service simply means A. favouritism. B. nepotism. C.
red-tapism. D. patriotism. Correct Option: C Explanation: In the context of
public service, bureaucracy often implies “red-tapism,” referring to
excessive adherence to rigid rules and procedures, leading to delays and
inefficiency.

34) Constant changes in public service has led to A. overdependence on crude
oil. B. abandonment of many projects. C. large scale unemployment. D. poor
standard of living. Correct Option: C Explanation: Frequent and inconsistent
changes in public service policies and projects can lead to instability,
hinder long-term planning, and contribute to issues like large-scale
unemployment as projects are abandoned or restructured.

35) The rule of law requires that A. government should be subject to the law. B.
the law should be subject to the government. C. law should be made in
respect of an individual. D. the law should be subject to traditional
rulers. Correct Option: A Explanation: A core principle of the rule of law
is that everyone, including the government and its officials, is accountable
under the law, ensuring that no one is above the law.

36) Youth empowerment programmes are aimed at giving the youth the opportunity
to A. become exceedingly wealthy. B. be self-sufficient. C. be physically
strong. D. have all their wants. Correct Option: B Explanation: Youth
empowerment programs typically aim to equip young people with skills,
knowledge, and resources to become self-sufficient, enabling them to
contribute meaningfully to society and secure their own livelihoods.

37) To end the compulsive behavior of drug addiction, drug addicts A. can quit
by themselves. B. need support and treatment. C. can relocate to a new
environment. D. should take a lesser dosage of drugs. Correct Option: B
Explanation: Drug addiction is a complex condition that usually requires
comprehensive support, including professional treatment, counseling, and a
supportive environment, rather than simply trying to quit alone or
relocating.

38) One can support a person with a substance abuse problem by A. counseling and
rehabilitation. B. hiding or throwing out drugs. C. taking over the drug
abuser’s responsibilities. D. covering up or making excuses for the drug
abuser. Correct Option: A Explanation: Effective support for individuals
with substance abuse problems involves providing professional counseling,
facilitating access to rehabilitation programs, and fostering a supportive
environment for recovery.

39) Trafficked persons are mainly lured with a promise of A. schooling. B. love.
C. employment. D. protection. Correct Option: C Explanation: Human
traffickers often exploit vulnerabilities by luring individuals with false
promises of lucrative employment opportunities or a better life, only to
subject them to forced labor or exploitation.

40) A major source of funds to local government authorities is A. donations. B.
import duties. C. taxes on goods. D. utility bills. Correct Option: C
Explanation: Taxes on goods and services, as well as property taxes, are
significant sources of internally generated revenue for local government
authorities, enabling them to fund local projects and services.

41) Which of the following is the key factor in fostering cooperation among
members of society? A. Discipline B. Empathy C. Maturity D. Understanding
Correct Option: B Explanation: Empathy, the ability to understand and share
the feelings of another, is a crucial factor in fostering cooperation as it
builds connection, mutual respect, and a willingness to work together for
common goals.

42) Which of the immune system cells does HIV target or attack? A. B-Cells B.
T-Cells C. NK-Cells D. Red blood cells Correct Option: B Explanation: HIV
primarily targets and attacks T-cells (specifically CD4+ T-cells), which are
crucial components of the immune system. The destruction of these cells
weakens the immune system, leading to AIDS.

43) Values are what we A. can see, feel and touch. B. believe in and imbibe. C.
avoid like a plague. D. known as agents of civic education. Correct Option:
B Explanation: Values are principles or standards of behavior; one’s
judgment of what is important in life. They are deeply held beliefs that
guide our actions and choices, which we strive to embody and live by.

44) One of the citizenship values inculcated by parents into their children
includes A. tax evasion. B. arrest of criminals. C. fairness to all. D. mob
action. Correct Option: C Explanation: Parents often instill citizenship
values in their children, such as fairness, respect for others, and a sense
of justice, which are fundamental for responsible participation in society.

45) The boldness to be honest in persecution is a manifestation of A. humility.
B. obedience. C. strength. D. courage. Correct Option: D Explanation: The
boldness to be honest, especially when facing difficulties or persecution,
demonstrates courage—the mental or moral strength to venture, persevere, and
withstand danger, fear, or difficulty.

46) Civic education is also called A. Civic socialism. B. Citizenship education.
C. Citizenship socialism. D. education. Correct Option: B Explanation: Civic
education is commonly referred to as citizenship education, as it aims to
equip individuals with the knowledge, skills, and values necessary for
active and responsible participation as citizens in a democratic society.

47) Which of the following is not an agent of Civic education? A. Family B.
Print and electronic media C. Pressure group D. Ministry of Labour and
Productivity Correct Option: D Explanation: While family, media, and
pressure groups often play a role in civic education through informal or
advocacy channels, the Ministry of Labour and Productivity’s primary
function is usually related to employment and labor issues, not directly
civic education.

48) The fundamental agent in children guidance, training, and education is A.
peers. B. parents. C. society. D. school. Correct Option: B Explanation:
Parents are generally considered the primary and fundamental agents in a
child’s guidance, training, and education, especially during the formative
years, shaping their values, behavior, and initial learning.

49) The most common method of acquiring the citizenship of a country is by A.
registration. B. birth. C. marriage. D. naturalization. Correct Option: B
Explanation: Birthright citizenship (jus soli, born on the soil, or jus
sanguinis, by bloodline) is the most common method of acquiring citizenship
globally, as the vast majority of people acquire citizenship at birth.

50) The qualities of being fair and reasonable in the way that people are
treated is known as A. integrity. B. love. C. justice. D. honesty. Correct
Option: C Explanation: Justice refers to the quality of being fair and
reasonable. It embodies the principle of treating all people equally and
equitably under the law and in social interactions.