Question 1

Question: Given that the difference in electronegativity of elements X and Y is 2.2, the bond that will be formed between them is
(a) polar covalent
(b) ionic
(c) non-polar covalent
(d) coordinate

• Topic: Chemical Bonding

• Correct Option: (b)

• Detailed Explanation: The type of chemical bond formed is determined by the difference in electronegativity values between the combining atoms.

  • Difference < 0.4: Non-polar covalent.

  • Difference between 0.5 and 1.7: Polar covalent.

  • Difference > 1.7: Ionic (Electrovalent).

  • Since 2.2 is greater than 1.7, the bond is ionic.

Question 2

Question: The radiation used in studying the arrangement of particles in giant organic molecules is
(a)

$\beta$

-particles
(b)

$\gamma$

-rays
(c)

$\alpha$

-particles
(d) X-rays

• Topic: Analytical Chemistry / Crystallography

• Correct Option: (d)

• Detailed Explanation: X-ray crystallography is the standard technique used to determine the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal. By analyzing the diffraction patterns produced when X-rays pass through the crystal, scientists can deduce the arrangement of particles in giant molecules (like DNA or proteins).

Question 3

Question: i.

CaCO3CaCO_3CaCO3​

ii.

Ca(HCO3)2Ca(HCO_3)_2Ca(HCO3​)2​

iii.

CaSO4CaSO_4CaSO4​

. Which of the above causes temporary water hardness if present in water?
(a) i only
(b) ii only
(c) iii only
(d) i & ii

• Topic: Water Hardness

• Correct Option: (b)

• Detailed Explanation:

  • Temporary Hardness is caused by dissolved bicarbonates (hydrogentrioxocarbonate(IV)) of calcium and magnesium, specifically

            Ca(HCO3)2Ca(HCO_3)_2Ca(HCO3​)2​ 

    . It can be removed by boiling.

     

  • Permanent Hardness is caused by sulfates (

    CaSO4CaSO_4CaSO4​

    ) or chlorides.

     

  •  

    CaCO3CaCO_3CaCO3​

    is insoluble and forms the “scale” or precipitate, but the dissolved bicarbonate causes the initial hardness.

     

Question 4

Question: The dispersion of a liquid in a liquid medium will give
(a) an emulsion
(b) a sol
(c) an aerosol
(d) a fog

• Topic: Colloids

• Correct Option: (a)

• Detailed Explanation: A colloid where both the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium are liquids is called an emulsion. Examples include milk and mayonnaise.

Question 5

Question: The respective basicities of

HNO3,HCl,CH3COOHHNO_3, HCl, CH_3COOHHNO3​,HCl,CH3​COOH

and

H2SO4H_2SO_4H2​SO4​

are
(a) 1, 1, 4 & 2
(b) 1, 1, 3 & 2
(c) 1, 1, 1 & 2
(d) 1, 1, 3 & 1

• Topic: Acids, Bases, and Salts

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation: Basicity is the number of replaceable hydrogen ions (

  H+H^+H+

  ) in one molecule of an acid.

   

  •  

    HNO3→H++NO3−HNO_3 \rightarrow H^+ + NO_3^-HNO3​→H++NO3−​

    (Basicity = 1)

     

  •  

    HCl→H++Cl−HCl \rightarrow H^+ + Cl^-HCl→H++Cl−

    (Basicity = 1)

     

  •  

    CH3COOH→H++CH3COO−CH_3COOH \rightarrow H^+ + CH_3COO^-CH3​COOH→H++CH3​COO−

    (Organic acid, only the carboxyl H is replaceable. Basicity = 1)

     

  •  

    H2SO4→2H++SO42−H_2SO_4 \rightarrow 2H^+ + SO_4^{2-}H2​SO4​→2H++SO42−​

    (Basicity = 2)

     

Question 6

Question:

C(s)+H2O(g)→CO(g)+H2(g)C(s) + H_2O(g) \rightarrow CO(g) + H_2(g)C(s)+H2​O(g)→CO(g)+H2​(g)

. The oxidizing agent in the reaction above is
(a)

$CO$

(b)

H2H_2H2​

(c)

H2OH_2OH2​O

(d)

$C$

• Topic: Redox Reactions

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation:

  • Oxidation state of C changes from 0 to +2 (Oxidation).

  • Oxidation state of H in

    H2OH_2OH2​O

    changes from +1 to 0 (Reduction).

     

  • The substance that is reduced serves as the oxidizing agent. Therefore,

            H2OH_2OH2​O 

    is the oxidizing agent.

     

Question 7

Question: How many coulombs of electricity will be needed to deposit 22.22g of silver?
(a) 20212.3C
(b) 14189C
(c) 25719C
(d) 19854C

• Topic: Electrolysis

• Correct Option: (d)

• Detailed Explanation:

  • Reaction:

    Ag++e−→AgAg^+ + e^- \rightarrow AgAg++e−→Ag

     

  • 1 Mole of electrons (1 Faraday = 96500 C) deposits 1 Mole of Ag (108g).

  • Formula:

    Q=mass×96500Molar MassQ = \frac{\text{mass} \times 96500}{\text{Molar Mass}}Q=Molar Massmass×96500​

     

  •  

    Q=22.22×96500108Q = \frac{22.22 \times 96500}{108}Q=10822.22×96500​

     

  •  

    $Q\approx 19853.9C$

    , which rounds to 19854C.

     

Question 8

Question: A compound that gives a brick-red colour to a non-luminous flame is likely to contain
(a)

Al3+Al^{3+}Al3+

(b)

Na+Na^+Na+

(c)

Ca2+Ca^{2+}Ca2+

(d)

Cu2+Cu^{2+}Cu2+

• Topic: Qualitative Analysis (Flame Test)

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation:

  •  

    Na+Na^+Na+

    gives a Golden Yellow flame.

     

  •  

    Cu2+Cu^{2+}Cu2+

    gives a Blue-Green flame.

     

  •  

            Ca2+Ca^{2+}Ca2+ 

    gives a Brick-Red flame.

     

Question 9

Question: The general formula of haloalkanes where X represents the halide is
(a)

CnH2n−1XC_nH_{2n-1}XCn​H2n−1​X

(b)

CnH2n+1XC_nH_{2n+1}XCn​H2n+1​X

(c)

CnH2n−2XC_nH_{2n-2}XCn​H2n−2​X

(d)

CnH2nXC_nH_{2n}XCn​H2n​X

• Topic: Organic Chemistry

• Correct Option: (b)

• Detailed Explanation: Alkanes have the general formula

  CnH2n+2C_nH_{2n+2}Cn​H2n+2​

  . To form a haloalkane (alkyl halide), one hydrogen atom is replaced by a halogen atom (

  $X$

  ).

   

  •  

    CnH2n+2→C_nH_{2n+2} \rightarrowCn​H2n+2​→

    Remove H

    →CnH2n+1→\rightarrow C_nH_{2n+1} \rightarrow→Cn​H2n+1​→

    Add X

    $\to$

    CnH2n+1XC_nH_{2n+1}XCn​H2n+1​X

    .

     

Question 10

Question: Which of the following is generated when ethyne is passed through a hot tube containing organo-nickel catalyst?
(a) Benzene
(b) Polythene
(c) Butyne
(d) Phenol

• Topic: Organic Chemistry (Polymerization)

• Correct Option: (a)

• Detailed Explanation: This is a polymerization reaction (specifically cyclic polymerization). When Ethyne (

  C2H2C_2H_2C2​H2​

  ) is passed through a hot tube with a catalyst, three molecules combine to form Benzene (

  C6H6C_6H_6C6​H6​

  ).

   

  •  

    3C2H2→C6H63C_2H_2 \rightarrow C_6H_63C2​H2​→C6​H6​

     

Question 11

Question: The petroleum fraction in industries is in heating furnaces in industries is
(a) diesel oil
(b) kerosene
(c) petrol
(d) none

• Topic: Industrial Chemistry (Petroleum)

• Correct Option: (a)

• Detailed Explanation: While heavy fuel oils are often used for large furnaces, in the context of these options and standard WAEC/JAMB curriculum, Diesel oil (or Gas oil) is the fraction heavier than kerosene and petrol used for heating systems and industrial engines/furnaces.

Question 12

Question: What is the molar mass of a gas if 2.0g of the gas occupies a volume of

400cm3400cm^3400cm3

at stp?
(a)

28gmol−128gmol^{-1}28gmol−1

(b)

14gmol−114gmol^{-1}14gmol−1

(c)

56gmol−156gmol^{-1}56gmol−1

(d)

112gmol−1112gmol^{-1}112gmol−1

• Topic: Stoichiometry (Gas Laws)

• Correct Option: (d)

• Detailed Explanation:

  • At STP, 1 mole of gas occupies

    22,400cm322,400 cm^322,400cm3

    .

     

  • If

    400cm3400 cm^3400cm3

    weighs 2.0g, we need to find the weight of

    22,400cm322,400 cm^322,400cm3

    .

     

  •  

    Molar Mass=2.0g400cm3×22400cm3\text{Molar Mass} = \frac{2.0g}{400cm^3} \times 22400cm^3Molar Mass=400cm32.0g​×22400cm3

     

  •  

    Molar Mass=0.005×22400=112gmol−1\text{Molar Mass} = 0.005 \times 22400 = 112 gmol^{-1}Molar Mass=0.005×22400=112gmol−1

    .

     

Question 13

Question: The following factors have no effect on the value of the equilibrium constant except
(a) temperature
(b) pressure
(c) concentration
(d) none of the above

• Topic: Chemical Equilibrium

• Correct Option: (a)

• Detailed Explanation: The equilibrium constant (

  KcK_cKc​

  or

  KpK_pKp​

  ) is a constant value for a specific reaction at a specific temperature. Changing concentration or pressure shifts the position of equilibrium to maintain the constant, but does not change the constant itself. Only a change in temperature changes the actual value of the equilibrium constant.

   

Question 14

Question: What volume of CO produced by reacting excess carbon with

5dm35dm^35dm3

of oxygen?
(a)

5dm35dm^35dm3

(b)

8dm38dm^38dm3

(c)

10dm310dm^310dm3

(d)

2.5dm32.5dm^32.5dm3

• Topic: Stoichiometry

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation:

  • Reaction:

    2C(s)+O2(g)→2CO(g)2C(s) + O_2(g) \rightarrow 2CO(g)2C(s)+O2​(g)→2CO(g)

     

  • According to Gay-Lussac’s law, the ratio of volumes of gases corresponds to the stoichiometric coefficients.

  • Ratio

    O2:COO_2 : COO2​:CO

    is

    $1:2$

    .

     

  • Volume

    CO=2×Volume O2=2×5dm3=10dm3CO = 2 \times \text{Volume } O_2 = 2 \times 5dm^3 = 10dm^3CO=2×Volume O2​=2×5dm3=10dm3

    .

     

Question 15

Question: The shape of the carbon (iv) oxide molecule is
(a) tetrahedral
(b) angular
(c) linear
(d) pyramidal

• Topic: Chemical Bonding (VSEPR)

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation: Carbon dioxide (

  CO2CO_2CO2​

  ) has double bonds between the central Carbon and the Oxygen atoms (

  $O=C=O$

  ). There are no lone pairs on the central carbon atom. According to VSEPR theory, this results in a linear shape with a bond angle of

  180∘180^\circ180∘

  .

   

Question 16

Question: What type of bond can be formed between two elements with electronic structures

1s22s22p41s^22s^22p^41s22s22p4

and

1s22s22p21s^22s^22p^21s22s22p2

?
(a) ionic
(b) metallic
(c) covalent
(d) dative

• Topic: Chemical Bonding

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation:

  • Element 1 (

    1s22s22p41s^22s^22p^41s22s22p4

    ) has 8 electrons total (Oxygen, Group 6). It is a non-metal.

     

  • Element 2 (

    1s22s22p21s^22s^22p^21s22s22p2

    ) has 6 electrons total (Carbon, Group 4). It is a non-metal.

     

  • Bonds formed between two non-metals are covalent (sharing of electrons).

Question 17

Question: When water is added to anhydrous

CoCl2CoCl_2CoCl2​

, the colour changes from
(a) white to blue
(b) blue to white
(c) blue to pink
(d) pink to white

• Topic: Transition Metals

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation: Cobalt(II) chloride serves as a test for water.

  • Anhydrous

    CoCl2CoCl_2CoCl2​

    is Blue.

     

  • Hydrated

    CoCl2⋅6H2OCoCl_2 \cdot 6H_2OCoCl2​⋅6H2​O

    is Pink.

     

  • Therefore, adding water changes it from Blue to Pink.

Question 18

Question: The following are salts except
(a) zinc nitrate
(b) sodium carbonate
(c) calcium oxide
(d) magnesium chloride

• Topic: Acids, Bases, and Salts

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation:

  • Zinc nitrate, Sodium carbonate, and Magnesium chloride are all salts (products of acid-base neutralization).

  • Calcium oxide (

    $CaO$

    ) is a metal oxide, which acts as a Base (specifically a basic oxide), not a salt.

     

Question 19

Question: In an electrochemical cell, polarization is caused by
(a) oxygen
(b) hydrogen
(c) chlorine
(d) tetraoxosulphate(vi)acid

• Topic: Electrochemistry

• Correct Option: (b)

• Detailed Explanation: Polarization occurs in simple cells when Hydrogen gas bubbles accumulate around the copper anode (positive electrode). This insulates the electrode and sets up a back electromotive force, stopping the current flow.

Question 20

Question: A metal that forms soluble trioxosulphate(iv) salt is
(a) manganese
(b) aluminum
(c) barium
(d) potassium

• Topic: Solubility Rules

• Correct Option: (d)

• Detailed Explanation: Trioxosulphate(IV) salts are Sulfites (

  SO32−SO_3^{2-}SO32−​

  ). Most sulfites are insoluble in water, except for those of Alkali metals (Group 1) and Ammonium.

   

  • Potassium is a Group 1 alkali metal, so

    K2SO3K_2SO_3K2​SO3​

    is soluble.

     

Question 21

Question: 2-methylpropan-2-ol is a/an _______ alkanol
(a) primary
(b) secondary
(c) tertiary
(d) incombustible

• Topic: Organic Chemistry (Alcohols)

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation:

  • Structure: The Carbon holding the OH group is bonded to three other methyl groups (

    CH3CH_3CH3​

    ).

     

  •  

    CH3−C(CH3)(OH)−CH3CH_3 - C(CH_3)(OH) - CH_3CH3​−C(CH3​)(OH)−CH3​

    .

     

  • Since the carbon with the OH is attached to 3 other carbons, it is a tertiary alkanol.

Question 22

Question: The decarboxylation of ethanoic acid will produce
(a)

CO2CO_2CO2​

and methane
(b)

CO2CO_2CO2​

and ethane
(c)

$CO$

and methane
(d)

$CO$

and ethane

• Topic: Organic Chemistry

• Correct Option: (a)

• Detailed Explanation: Decarboxylation involves the removal of a carboxyl group (

  $-COOH$

  ), usually in the form of Carbon dioxide (

  CO2CO_2CO2​

  ).

   

  •  

    CH3COOH→CH4+CO2CH_3COOH \rightarrow CH_4 + CO_2CH3​COOH→CH4​+CO2​

     

  • This produces Methane and Carbon dioxide. (Note: In laboratory preparation using soda lime, the

    CO2CO_2CO2​

    is trapped as carbonate, but the chemical breakdown products are methane and carbon dioxide).

     

Question 23

Question: Which of the following qualifies elements in the same period?
(a) equal number of valence electrons
(b) equal number of shell
(c) equal number of neutrons
(d) equal nuclear energy

• Topic: Periodic Table

• Correct Option: (b)

• Detailed Explanation: Elements in the same period (horizontal row) have the same number of electron shells (energy levels). Elements in the same Group have the same number of valence electrons.

Question 24

Question: A substance is said to be impure if
(a) it is coloured
(b) it has a low melting point
(c) its melting point range is wide
(d) it is insoluble in water

• Topic: Separation Techniques / Purity

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation: Pure substances have sharp, specific melting points. Impurities interfere with the crystal lattice structure, causing the substance to melt over a wide range of temperatures and usually at a lower temperature than the pure substance.

Question 25

Question: How many isomers does

C3H6Cl2C_3H_6Cl_2C3​H6​Cl2​

have?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5

• Topic: Organic Chemistry (Isomerism)

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation: The structural isomers are:

  1. 1,1-dichloropropane

  2. 1,2-dichloropropane

  3. 1,3-dichloropropane

  4. 2,2-dichloropropane
     There are 4 structural isomers.

Question 26

Question: Which of the following is non-biodegradable?
(a) wood
(b) plastic
(c) paper
(d) faeces

• Topic: Environmental Chemistry

• Correct Option: (b)

• Detailed Explanation: Biodegradable materials can be broken down by bacteria and other microorganisms. Wood, paper, and faeces are organic and biodegradable. Plastic is synthetic and resistant to biological decomposition.

Question 27

Question: Which of the following is a fine chemical?
(a) Caustic soda
(b) sulphuric acid
(c) dyes
(d) none

• Topic: Industrial Chemistry

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation:

  • Heavy chemicals (e.g., Sulphuric acid, Caustic soda) are produced in huge quantities with a focus on bulk and low cost.

  • Fine chemicals (e.g., Dyes, Drugs, Additives) are produced in smaller quantities with a high degree of purity and specificity.

Question 28

Question: How many unpaired electrons are in the p-orbitals of an oxygen atom?
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3

• Topic: Atomic Structure

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation:

  • Oxygen atomic number is 8. Configuration:

    1s22s22p41s^2 2s^2 2p^41s22s22p4

    .

     

  • The p-subshell has 3 orbitals. According to Hund’s rule, electrons fill singly first.

  • Fill 4 electrons: [

    $\uparrow \downarrow$

    ] [

    $\uparrow$

    ] [

    $\uparrow$

    ].

     

  • There are 2 unpaired electrons.

Question 29

Question: The radioactive emission with the least ionization power is
(a) alpha particles
(b) beta particles
(c) gamma rays
(d) X-rays

• Topic: Nuclear Chemistry

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation:

  • Alpha particles: Highest mass/charge, Highest ionization, Lowest penetration.

  • Gamma rays: No mass/charge, Lowest ionization, Highest penetration.

Question 30

Question: How many atoms are present n 48g of magnesium?
(a)

6.02×10236.02 \times 10^{23}6.02×1023

(b)

1.204×10241.204 \times 10^{24}1.204×1024

(c)

3.01×10233.01 \times 10^{23}3.01×1023

(d)

1.51×10241.51 \times 10^{24}1.51×1024

• Topic: Mole Concept

• Correct Option: (b)

• Detailed Explanation:

  • Molar mass of Mg = 24 g/mol .

  • Moles =

    4824=2\frac{48}{24} = 22448​=2

    moles.

     

  • Atoms = Moles

    $\times$

    Avogadro’s Constant (

    6.02×10236.02 \times 10^{23}6.02×1023

    ).

     

  •  

    2×6.02×1023=12.04×1023=1.204×10242 \times 6.02 \times 10^{23} = 12.04 \times 10^{23} = \mathbf{1.204 \times 10^{24}}2×6.02×1023=12.04×1023=1.204×1024

    .

     

Question 31

Question:

50cm350cm^350cm3

of gas was collected over water at

10∘C10^\circ C10∘C

and

$765mmHg$

. Calculate the volume of the gas at s.t.p if the saturated vapour pressure of water at

10∘C10^\circ C10∘C

is

$5mmHg$

.
(a)

48.55cm348.55cm^348.55cm3

(b)

48.23cm348.23cm^348.23cm3

(c)

49.19cm349.19cm^349.19cm3

(d)

50.59cm350.59cm^350.59cm3

• Topic: Gas Laws

• Correct Option: (b)

• Detailed Explanation:

  •  

    Pgas=Ptotal−SVP water=765−5=760mmHgP_{\text{gas}} = P_{\text{total}} - \text{SVP water} = 765 - 5 = 760\text{mmHg}Pgas​=Ptotal​−SVP water=765−5=760mmHg

    .

     

  •  

    V1=50cm3V_1 = 50cm^3V1​=50cm3

    ,

    T1=10+273=283KT_1 = 10 + 273 = 283KT1​=10+273=283K

    .

     

  • STP conditions:

    P2=760mmHgP_2 = 760\text{mmHg}P2​=760mmHg

    ,

    T2=273KT_2 = 273KT2​=273K

    .

     

  • Using

    P1V1T1=P2V2T2\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1} = \frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}T1​P1​V1​​=T2​P2​V2​​

    :

     

  •  

    760×50283=760×V2273\frac{760 \times 50}{283} = \frac{760 \times V_2}{273}283760×50​=273760×V2​​

     

  • Cancel 760 from both sides:

    50283=V2273\frac{50}{283} = \frac{V_2}{273}28350​=273V2​​

     

  •  

    V2=50×273283≈48.23cm3V_2 = 50 \times \frac{273}{283} \approx 48.23cm^3V2​=50×283273​≈48.23cm3

    .

     

Question 32

Question: Group VII elements are
(a) electron donors
(b) monoatomic
(c) good oxidizing agent
(d) highly electropositive

• Topic: Periodic Table (Halogens)

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation: Group VII elements (Halogens) have 7 valence electrons. They readily accept one electron to complete their octet. This ability to accept electrons makes them strong oxidizing agents. (They are electronegative, not electropositive).

Question 33

Question: Which of the following gases has a pungent smell, turns red litmus paper blue and forms white dense fumes with hydrogen chloride gas?
(a)

NH3NH_3NH3​

(b)

NO2NO_2NO2​

(c)

N2N_2N2​

(d)

Cl2Cl_2Cl2​

• Topic: Qualitative Analysis (Gases)

• Correct Option: (a)

• Detailed Explanation:

  • Pungent smell + Turns Red Litmus Blue (Basic) = Ammonia (

    NH3NH_3NH3​

    ).

     

  • Reaction with HCl:

    NH3(g)+HCl(g)→NH4Cl(s)NH_3(g) + HCl(g) \rightarrow NH_4Cl(s)NH3​(g)+HCl(g)→NH4​Cl(s)

    (White Fumes).

     

Question 34

Question: An example of oxidation-reduction enzyme is
(a) lipase
(b) dehydrogenase
(c) amylase
(d) protease

• Topic: Biochemistry

• Correct Option: (b)

• Detailed Explanation:

  • Lipase, Amylase, and Protease are hydrolases (break bonds with water).

  • Dehydrogenase enzymes facilitate the removal of hydrogen atoms, which is an oxidation reaction (Redox).

Question 35

Question: A metal X forms two types of chlorides,

XCl2XCl_2XCl2​

and

XCl3XCl_3XCl3​

. This illustrates the law of
(a) constant composition
(b) multiple proportion
(c) reciprocal proportion
(d) definite proportion

• Topic: Laws of Stoichiometry

• Correct Option: (b)

• Detailed Explanation: The Law of Multiple Proportions states that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other are in a ratio of small whole numbers. (Here X combines with Cl in ratios leading to

  XCl2XCl_2XCl2​

  and

  XCl3XCl_3XCl3​

  ).

   

Question 36

Question: The hydrolysis of

NH4ClNH_4ClNH4​Cl

gives a/an ______ solution
(a) neutral
(b) acidic
(c) basic
(d) buffer

• Topic: Salt Hydrolysis

• Correct Option: (b)

• Detailed Explanation:

  NH4ClNH_4ClNH4​Cl

  is a salt formed from a Strong Acid (

  $HCl$

  ) and a Weak Base (

  NH3NH_3NH3​

  ). Upon hydrolysis, the solution will be Acidic (pH < 7).

   

Question 37

Question: Which of the following is used to hasten the ripening of fruit?
(a) ethene
(b) ethyne
(c) ethane
(d) acetylene

• Topic: Organic Chemistry

• Correct Option: (a)

• Detailed Explanation: Ethene (

  C2H4C_2H_4C2​H4​

  ) is a natural plant hormone that triggers the ripening process in fruits.

   

Question 38

Question: A solid substance with high melting and boiling points is likely to be a/an
(a) covalent compound
(b) dative compound
(c) ionic compound
(d) non-metal

• Topic: Bonding Properties

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation: Ionic compounds consist of a giant lattice structure held together by strong electrostatic forces. This requires a large amount of energy to break, resulting in high melting and boiling points. (While giant covalent structures also have high MPs, “ionic” is the general characteristic answer compared to simple covalent molecules).

Question 39

Question: The minimum amount of energy required for effective collisions between reacting particles is known as
(a) effective energy
(b) activation energy
(c) bond energy
(d) lattice energy

• Topic: Chemical Kinetics

• Correct Option: (b)

• Detailed Explanation: Activation Energy (

  EaE_aEa​

  ) is the minimum energy barrier that reacting particles must overcome for a collision to result in a chemical reaction.

   

Question 40

Question: Which of the following metals exists as liquid at ordinary temperature?
(a) calcium
(b) silver
(c) mercury
(d) platinum

• Topic: Metals

• Correct Option: (c)

• Detailed Explanation: Mercury (Hg) is the only metal that is in the liquid state at standard room temperature and pressure.